Biografía de Romain Rolland e Jean-Cristophe

19
Oct

Publicado por Julián Pérez Porto

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El nacimiento del escritor francés Romain Rolland, responsable de títulos como “El triunfo de la razón”, “El alma encantada” y “El viaje interior”, se produjo en la localidad de Clamecy el 29 de enero de 1866.
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Este integrante de una familia compuesta por campesinos y notarios que consiguió entrar a la Ecole Normale Supérieure en 1886 quiso, en un primer momento, nutrirse de conocimientos filosóficos, pero terminó graduado en Historia y dedicado a la creación de materiales literarios.
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Tras finalizar sus estudios, este gran admirador de León Tolstói y Mahatma Gandhi pasó dos temporadas en Roma, donde tuvo oportunidad de conocer y apreciar varias obras maestras italianas. Al regresar a su país natal en 1895, Rolland obtuvo su doctorado a través de la tesis “Los orígenes del teatro lírico moderno”.
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Si bien a este hombre tímido y exigente consigo mismo no le agradaba la docencia, antes de probar suerte como escritor Romain sumó experiencia como profesor de Historia en numerosas instituciones educativas, entre las cuales se encontraban el Lycée Louis le Grand, la École Française de Rome y la École Normale Supérieure.
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Por decisión personal, su labor como docente llegó a su fin en 1912, época para la cual ya tenía algunos pasos dados en el mundo de las letras. Tres años más tarde, para su sorpresa, su desempeño literario sería distinguido con el Premio Nobel de Literatura.
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Este pacifista militante que además de elaborar dramas históricos, biografías, novelas y ensayos fundó la revista “Europe” tuvo oportunidad, a lo largo de su vida, de conocer y residir en diversas ciudades del mundo, pero su deceso se produjo en la tierra que lo vio nacer: Romain Rolland, el también creador de propuestas como “El catorce de julio”, “Clérambault, historia de una conciencia libre durante la guerra” y “Por encima del conflicto”, falleció en Vézelay el 30 de diciembre de 1944.

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Jean-Christophe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see Jean-Christophe (given name).

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Jean-Christophe is a novel sequence, written in the "bildungsroman" fashion, in ten volumes by Romain Rolland published between 1904 and 1912, for which he received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915. It was translated into English by Gilbert Cannan.

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The first four volumes are sometimes grouped as Jean-Christophe, the next three as Jean-Christophe à Paris, and the last three as La fin du voyage ("Journey's End").

1. L'Aube ("Dawn", 1904)
2. Le Matin ("Morning", 1904)
3. L'Adolescent ("Youth", 1904)
4. La Révolte ("Revolt", 1905)
5. La Foire sur la place ("The Marketplace", 1908)
6. Antoinette (1908)
7. Dans la maison ("The House", 1908)
8. Les Amies ("Love and Friendship", 1910)
9. Le Buisson ardent ("The Burning Bush", 1911)
10. La Nouvelle Journée ("The New Dawn", 1912)

The English translations appeared between 1911 and 1913.

Plot

The central character, Jean-Christophe Krafft, is a German musician of Belgian extraction, a composer of genius whose life is depicted from cradle to grave. He undergoes great hardships and spiritual struggles, balancing his pride in his own talents with the necessity of earning a living and taking care of those around him. Tormented by injustices against his friends, forced to flee on several occasions as a result of his brushes with authority and his own conscience, he finally finds peace in a remote corner of Switzerland before returning in triumph to Paris a decade later.

Criticism

Although Rolland first conceived the work in Rome in the spring of 1890, he began in earnest in 1903 after publishing a biography of Beethoven. A letter of 13 September 1902 reveals his plans:

My novel is the story of a life, from birth to death. My hero is a great German musician who is forced by circumstances to leave when he is 16-18 years old, living outside of Germany in Paris, Switzerland, etc. The setting is today's Europe [...] To spell it out, the hero is Beethoven in the modern world.

But in his preface to Dans la maison, published in 1909, Rolland denied that he was writing a novel in the traditional sense, but a "musical novel" in which emotions, not classical action, dictated the course of events. "When you see a man, do you ask yourself whether he is a novel or a poem? [...] Jean-Christophe has always seemed to me to flow like a river; I have said as much from the first pages." This coined the term roman-fleuve (river-novel), which has since been applied to other novel sequences in the same style.

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Many individual tomes swerve from the story of Krafft to focus on the other characters. Rolland was an admirer of Leo Tolstoy, and, as in War and Peace, a very large proportion of the work is devoted to the author's thoughts on various subjects: music, art, literature, feminism, militarism, national character, and social changes in the Third Republic, largely attributed to Krafft, although Rolland denied that he shared many traits with his fictional composer. The didactic aspects of Jean-Christophe have been criticised by many readers. In his heavy use of matter-of-fact detail, Rolland followed the methods of naturalist predecessors with whom he otherwise had little in common.

See also

• Bildungsroman

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Christophe"

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Categories: Novel series | French novels

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This page was last modified on 28 July 2010 at 21:35.

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